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Juan Donoso Cortés, marqués de Valdegamas (6 May 1809 – 3 May 1853) was a Spanish author, conservative and Catholic political theorist, and diplomat. He was a descendant, through his father Pedro Donoso Cortés, of the conquistador Hernando Cortés.〔Botti, Alfonso (2006). "Donoso Cortés, Juan (1809–1853)." In: ''Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics.'' Westport: Greenwood Press, p. 176.〕 ==Biography== Donoso Cortés was born at Valle de la Serena (Extremadura). At the age of eleven, he had finished his education in the humanities, and at twelve had begun the study of law at the University of Salamanca; at sixteen he received his degree of licentiate from the University of Seville, and at eighteen became professor of literature at the College of Caceres.〔Neill, Thomas Patrick (1951). "Donoso Cortés." In: ''They Lived the Faith; Great Lay Leaders of Modern Times.'' Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, p. 244.〕 Carried away by the rationalism prevalent in Spain following upon the French invasions, he ardently embraced the principles of Liberalism and fell under the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whom he later characterized as "the most eloquent of sophists". He entered politics as an ardent liberal under the influence of Manuel José Quintana.〔Verdeguer, Suárez (1989). "Los Comienzos Parlamentarios de Donoso Cortés", ''Revista de Estudios Políticos'', No. 65, pp. 7–34.〕 His views began to modify after the rising at La Granja, approaching a counter-revolutionary outlook and became more marked on his appointment as private secretary to the Queen Regent. His political thought found its most lucid and orderly expression in his ''Lecciones de Derecho Politico'' (1837). Alarmed by the proceedings of the French revolutionary party in 1848–1849,〔Acedo Castilla, José Francisco (1956). ''Donoso Cortés y la Revolución del 1848.'' Sevilla: Sección de Crónicas y Publicaciones del Excmo. Ateneo de Sevilla.〕 Donoso Cortés issued his ''Ensayo Sobre el Catolicismo, el Liberalismo, y el Socialismo Considerados en sus Principios Fundamentales'' (1851),〔("Church and State," ) ''The Catholic World'', Vol. V, No. 25, 1867, pp. 1–14.〕 was written at the instance of Louis Veuillot, who was an intimate friend of the author and places Donoso Cortés in the first rank of Catholic apologists and especially Ultramontanism. It is an exposition of the impotence of all human systems of philosophy to solve the problem of human destiny and of the absolute dependence of humanity upon the Catholic Church for its social and political salvation. The ''Ensayo'' failed to arrest the movement fully against which it was directed, but, it remains amongst the finest specimen of political prose published in Spain during the 19th century. He became ambassador at Paris and died there on 3 May 1853. Donoso Cortés's works were collected in five volumes at Madrid (1854–1855) under the editorship of Gavino Tejado. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan Donoso Cortés」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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